HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA(HISTORY – II)

The period from 1707 to 1950 in India is a time of major change. It was marked by British colonial rule, social reforms, and the struggle for independence. It began with the British East India Company’s control, which eventually led to direct British rule.

The British introduced changes in the judicial system, with key reforms by figures like Warren Hastings and Lord Cornwallis. They also established a legal framework based on English law, which impacted personal and criminal laws.

The British land revenue systems like the Permanent Settlement and Ryotwari affected Indian farmers and led to social unrest. At the same time, several social reform movements, such as the Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj, worked to challenge old traditions and improve social practices. Laws were also passed to abolish practices like Sati, slavery, and caste discrimination.

In terms of governance, the British passed important laws like the Regulating Act and the Government of India Act, which laid the foundation for self-rule. This set the stage for the Indian National Movement, which began with the Revolt of 1857 and grew through the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

Over time, the movement went through different phases, from the moderates to the more radical extremists, and was finally led by Mahatma Gandhi during the Gandhian era. This led to India’s independence in 1947 and the creation of its Constitution in 1950

INDEX

SHORT NOTES

SAMPLE CHAPTER